"Several lines of experimental evidence show that novel functional genes and proteins cannot be formed de novo by chance processes... there are narrow limits to the changes that random processes can achieve. They can never convert one gene to a basically different gene, one protein structure to a different structure, nor one microorganism to a different one. Thus evolution is a story without a mechanism.". - Matti Leisola (enzyme bioengineer), "Evolution: A Story Without a Mechanism," Theistic Evolution, 2017, page 140
"As Darwin himself knew, there are three very general ways in which an organism can adapt: (1) it can gain a new ability; (2) it can lose an old one; or (3) it can tweak or modify something it already has... In any case, it will never have greater genetic wealth that what it inherited. That, at least, is the picture painted by the very best, most sophisticated evolutionary experiments the biological revolution has produced to date. - Michael Behe, "Darwin Devolves", 2019, pages 179 and 197
"Virtually all the "beneficial mutations" known are only equivocally beneficial, not unequivocally beneficial. In bacteria, several mutations in cell wall proteins may deform the proteins enough so that antibiotics cannot bind to the mutant bacteria. This creates bacterial resistance to that antibiotic. Does this support evolutionary genetic theory? No, since the mutant bacteria do not survive as well in the wild as the native (non-mutant) bacteria." - Dr. Barry Maddox, "Mutations: The Raw Material For Evolution?, 2007
"The majority of mutations are "neutral mutations" that do not cause any detectable change in the phenotype or body of the animal. These mutations can only be detected by DNA sequencing and are not candidates for evolutionary processes at all. Since there is no phenotypic change, natural selection cannot even remotely select for them. And they are not totally neutral, but are rather subtly deleterious because they degrade the genetic code." - Dr. Barry Maddox, "Mutations: The Raw Material For Evolution?, 2007